There are three PowerPoint slideshows that you are responsible for:

1. Plate Tectonics
2. Earthquakes
3. Volcanoes

Plate Tectonics

• Alfred Wegner
• Theory of Continental Drift - Pangaea
• The six evidences:
• Coastline Fit
• Glaciers
• Mountains
• Fossils
• Sea Floor Spreading
• Magnetic Signature
• Tuzo Wilson
• Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Internal Structure of the earth - Aesthenosphere, Lithosphere and the Earth's Crust (continental and oceanic)
• Convection Currents - core, radioactive heat
• Three basic movements - draw and label them, state what geographical feature is associated with each movement and give an example of where on earth these movements occur:
• Divergent - Volcanoes, eg. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
• Convergent - Subduction zone, Vocanoes, earthquakes, mountains, trenches and Island arcs the above depends on which crusts (continental or oceanic) are involved, eg. ring of fire
• Transform - Earthquakes, eg. San Andrea Fault.
• Hot Spots - what they are and the creation of the Hawaiian Islands

• Seismology
• Focus and Epicenter of an earthquake
• Body waves and Surface waves
• Body waves - two types - S and P waves - These waves helped us prove the Assumption that "As depth into the earth increases, density also increases". Know the characteristics of these waves and how they helped determine the existence and composition of the Lithosphere, Aesthenosphere, Mantle and Core.
• Surface waves - two types L and R waves - They do the damage they move the earth. L waves move the earth from side to side and R waves move the earth up and down.
• Richter and Mercalli scales
• Tsunamis - what are they, what causes them.

• The meaning of the word volcano
• Magma and Lava
• Caldera - huge depression
• Cinder Cone - A volcano made up of ash (tephra)
• Shield Volcano - A volcano made up of layers of lava
• Composite Volcano - A volcano made up of alternate layers of ash and lava
• Volcanic Arcs - A range of volcanoes created on a continental crust plate.
• Island Arcs - A range of volcanoes created on a oceanic crust plate forming a series of islands.
• Hot Spot - Already mentioned above.
• Lava Plateau - A volcanic eruption where the lava creates a flat area.
• Submarine or Seamounts - Volcanoes under water.
• Lava Dome - A mounds formed at the opening of a volcano, it usually acts like a plug.
• Be able to explain the characteristics of a volcano that erupts violently:
• Disolved gases - the more gas the more violent - like opening a can of pop
• Viscosity - the ability to resist flow. The more viscous the more violent. The more silica in the magma the more viscous.
• Temperature - the hotter the less viscous or the more fluid. If the magma cools it becomes more viscous.